The Educational Significance of the Experience of Resistance: Schooling and the Dialogue between Child and World

Authors

  • Gert Biesta University of Stirling

Keywords:

resistance, dialogue, head, heart and hands, the education of the will, impatience, patience, love for the world, slow schools

Abstract

In this paper I look at education through the question of the connection of child and world. Starting from the observation that it is through action and initiative rather than through thinking or feeling that we connect most directly and immediately with the world, I explore the ways in which we can engage with the resistance we encounter when we act and take initiative. I argue that education needs to take place in the middle ground between two extremes: destruction of what resists and withdrawal from what resists. I refer to this middle ground as the dialogue between child and world and argue that it is through this dialogue that the worldly existence of the child becomes possible. The educational work done in the difficult and frustrating middle ground between world-destruction and self-destruction is related to an old and rather forgotten educational theme, that of the education of the will. I explore different dimension of the education of the will in order to make a case for slow forms of schooling that see the encounter with the experience of resistance as an essential and necessary dimension of what education is about.

Author Biography

Gert Biesta, University of Stirling

Gert Biesta (www.gertbiesta.com) is Professor of Education at the School of Education, University of Stirling. Contact address: School of Education, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK. E-mail: [email protected] (from January 2013 onwards: [email protected])

References

Alexander, R. (2001). Culture and pedagogy: International comparisons in primary education. Oxford: Blackwell.

Arendt, H. (1977). Between past and future: Eight exercises in political thought. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

Biesta, G.J.J. (2006). Beyond learning. Democratic education for a human future. Boulder, CO.: Paradigm Publishers.

Biesta, G.J.J. (2010a). Good education in an age of measurement: Ethics, politics, democracy. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.

Biesta, G.J.J. (2010b). Learner, student, speaker. Why it matters how we call those we teach. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 42(4), 540-552.

Biesta. G.J.J. (in press). The beautiful risk of education. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.

Dewey, J. (1895). Plan of organization of the university primary school. In J.A. Boydston (Ed.), John Dewey, The Early Works, 1882-1898. Volume 5 (pp. 224-243). Carbondale & Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press.

Hall, G.S. (1882). The education of the will. The Princeton Review 10(2), 306-325.

Heidegger, M. (1998). On the essence of ftruth. In M. Heidegger, Pathmarks (pp. 136-154). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Holt, M. (2002). It's time to start the slow school movement. Phi Delta Kappan, 84(4), 264-271.

Lawy, R., Biesta, G.J.J., McDonnell, J., Lawy, H. & Reeves, H. (2010). The art of democracy. British Educational Research Journal, 36(3), 351-365.

Mahler, M., Pine, F. & Bergman, A. (1975). The psychological birth of the human infant: Symbiosis and individuation. New York: Basic Books.

Mäkikoskela, R. (2012). Not only sweet dreams: Art as confrontation. Presentation at the Art Education Symposium on Art's Role in Schools. University of Jyväskylä, Finland, October 2012.

Meirieu, P. (2008). Pédagogie: Le devoir de résister. 2e édition. [Education: The duty to resist.] Issy-les-Moulineaux: ESF.

Mitchell , D. & Livingston, P. (2010). Will-developed intelligence: Handwork and practical arts in the Waldorf School. Chatham, NY: AWSNA.

Oelkers, J. (2005). Reformpädagogik. Eine kritische Dogmengeschichte. 4. vollst. bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. [Progressive education: A critical history of fundamental ideas. 4th revised and expanded edition] München: Juventa.

Payot, J. (1911). The education of the will. New York and London: Funk & Wagnalls Company. (Originally published in French in 1895 as Éducation de la volonté.)

Priestley, M. & Biesta, G.J.J. (Eds) (2012). Reinventing the curriculum. New trends in curriculum policy and practice. London/New York: Continuum.

Sockett, H. (1988). Education and will: Aspects of personal capability. American Journal of Education, 96(2), 195-214.

Wegerif, R.B. (2007). Dialogic, education and technology. New York: Springer.

Winter, P. (2011). Coming into the world, uniqueness, and the beautiful risk of education. An interview with Gert Biesta by Philip Winter. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 30(5)537-542.

Downloads

Published

2012-10-16

Issue

Section

Invited papers